How to Play Sudoku

One rule, three techniques, two minutes.

The rule

A Sudoku grid is 9×9, divided into nine 3×3 boxes. Fill every empty cell so that each row, each column, and each 3×3 box contains the digits 1 through 9 exactly once. There is no arithmetic and no guessing: a well-formed puzzle has exactly one solution reachable by logic alone.

Three techniques that solve most grids

1. Scanning

Take one digit at a time. Look at a 3×3 box and check whether that digit already appears in the rows and columns crossing it. Each appearance eliminates a whole line of cells. Often only one cell survives.

2. Last cell in a unit

When a row, column, or box has eight of its nine cells filled, the last one is forced — it must be whichever digit is missing. This site fills those cells for you the moment they become certain.

3. Naked pairs

Write candidates into empty cells using notes. If two cells in the same unit have exactly the same two candidates, those two digits are locked into those two cells — so you can erase them from every other cell in the unit.

Controls on this site

  • Click or tap a cell, then press a number.
  • Arrow keys (or W/A/S/D) move the selection.
  • N toggles pencil-mark mode.
  • H spends a hint — three per game.
  • Ctrl/⌘ + Z undoes, Ctrl/⌘ + Shift + Z redoes.
  • Backspace clears the selected cell.

Where to go next

Once easy grids stop being a challenge, the next step is pattern-based techniques like X-Wing and Swordfish. Our technique library covers each of them on its own page.

Sudoku Rules & Solving Techniques

One page per technique — what it is, how to spot it, and when it is worth the effort.

Basics

Last Free Cell

When a row, column or box has eight digits filled, the ninth is decided — no reasoning required.

Last Remaining Cell

A digit that cannot go anywhere else in a box belongs in the one cell that is left.

Last Possible Number

Count what a single cell cannot be. If eight digits are excluded, the ninth is forced.

Obvious Singles

A cell with exactly one candidate left. Also called a naked single.

Intermediate

Hidden Singles

A digit that appears as a candidate in only one cell of a unit — even if that cell has other candidates too.

Obvious Pairs

Two cells in a unit with the same two candidates lock those digits out of every other cell.

Hidden Pairs

Two digits confined to the same two cells of a unit, hidden among longer candidate lists.

Pointing Pairs

A digit confined to one row or column within a box can be eliminated from the rest of that line.

Advanced

Obvious Triples

Three cells in a unit sharing three candidates between them, in any combination.

X-Wing

A digit restricted to the same two columns in two different rows can be eliminated from the rest of those columns.

Swordfish

The X-Wing pattern with three rows and three columns instead of two.

All techniques